Austenite and Ferrite, two distinct grain phases, are found in the microstructure of duplex steel, a form of stainless steel. Due to the fact that the Austenite and Ferrite phases have different atomic structures and physical characteristics, and since Duplex Steel has around 50% of each phase, it may benefit from the features of both material types.
These properties include:
- relative strength that is higher than that of comparable stainless steel items
- enhanced ductility and toughness relative to ferritic steel products, however these characteristics are still inferior to those of austenitic products.
- excellent resistance against corrosion
Duplex 2205 Plate is made by melting raw materials comprising nickel, iron ore, chromium, molybdenum, and other alloying components in a furnace, much like all other varieties of stainless steel. Duplex Steel has a greater chromium percentage than other stainless steels, at around 25%, a lower nickel content, at less than 9%, and a minor amount of nitrogen. Duplex steel's alloy composition is categorised into ranges and is often identified by its chromium concentration.
When the molten Duplex Steel mixture cools to room temperature, half of the material transitions from the ferritic phase to the austenite phase. The remaining material forms as a totally ferritic solid.
Duplex Steel often offers a low-cost alternative for high strength, high corrosion risk applications due to its strong corrosion resistance, high strength, and comparatively low alloy content (particularly nickel). They are widely utilised in the petrochemical sector as pipelines and pressure vessels as well as in the offshore oil and gas industry for pipework systems, manifolds, risers, etc.
Due to the production of brittle phases in the ferrite at relatively low temperatures, duplex stainless steels, although having good corrosion and oxidation resistance, cannot be employed at high temperatures. Certain processes have a major impact on the steel's toughness, hence they shouldn't be used in these applications.
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