tuqadim eamaliat zare nukhae aleazm (BMT), walmaerufat aydan biasm eamaliat zare alkhalaya aljidheiat almukawanat lildam (HSCT), 'iimkaniat eilaj marad faqr aldam almanjilii (SCD). wamae dhalika, fahi eamaliat mueaqadat tantawi ealaa makhatir kabiratin. 'iina fahum hadhih almakhatir 'amr baligh al'ahamiyat lilmardaa wa'usarihim aladhin yufakirun fi khiar aleilaj hadha.
ma hi eamaliat zare nukhae aleazm limarad faqr aldam alminjili?
marad faqr aldam almanjilii (SCD) hu aidtirab wirathiun fi aldam yuathir ealaa shakl khalaya aldam alhamra'a, mimaa yajealuha sulbatan washakluha minjili. yumkin 'an yuadiy hadha 'iilaa mudaeafat mukhtalifatin, bima fi dhalik al'alam almuzmin watalufu al'aeda' walsaktat aldimaghiati.
tahdif eamaliat zare nukhae aleazm 'iilaa aistibdal nukhae aleazm almueiib ladaa almarid binukhae eazm sihiyin min mutabarie mutawafiqin. sayuntij nukhae aleazm alsihiya hadha baed dhalik khalaya dam hamra' tabieiatin, mimaa yukhafif min 'aerad wamudaeafat marad faqr aldam almanjili.
almakhatir almuhtamalat liziraeat nukhae aleazm
tuetabar eamaliat ziraeat nukhae aleazm 'ijra'an tbyan khtyran yantawi ealaa makhatir wamudaeafat muhtamalatin, bima fi dhalika:
- marad altaem dida almudif (GVHD): yueadu hadha 'ahad almudaeafat alrayiysiat lieamaliaat ziraeat al'aeda' almutamathilati. wayahduth eindama yuhajim aljihaz almanaei lilmutabarie 'ansijat almutalaqiy. wayumkin 'an yuathir marad altaem dida almudif ealaa aljild walkabid walriyatayn waljihaz alhadami. wayumkin 'an tatarawah al'aerad min altafh aljildii alkhafif 'iilaa talafi al'aeda' aladhi yuhadid alhayaata.
- aleadwaa: yudeif zare nukhae aleazm aljihaz almanaei, mimaa yajeal almardaa 'akthar eurdatan lil'iisabat bialeadwaa. waqad yakun hadha bisabab 'iijra' eamaliat alzare nafsiha, 'aw aljurueat alealiat min aleilaj alkimiayiyi almustakhdamat li'iiedad almarid lieamaliat alzarei, 'aw al'adwiat almuthabitat lilmanaeat almustakhdamat limane marad altaem dida almudayfi.
- fashil altaemi: yahduth hadha eindama la yatimu zare nukhae aleazm almazrue binajah 'aw tathbitih fi jism almutalaqiy. wa'iidha hadath fashal altaemu, faqad yabda nukhae aleazm alkhasi bialmarid fi alnumui maratan 'ukhraa, waqad yaeud marad faqr aldam almanjili.
- talufu al'aeda'u: yumkin 'an tuadiy aljurueat alealiat min aleilaj alkimiayiyi wal'iisheaeii almustakhdamat qabl eamaliat alzare 'iilaa talafi al'aeda' mithl alqalb walriyatayn walkulaa.
- alsaratanat althaanawiatu: hunak khatar dayiyl lil'iisabat bisaratanat thanawiat baed sanawat min eamaliat zare nukhae aleazmi, wakhasatan bayn almardaa aladhin talaqawa jurueat ealiatan min aleilaj al'iisheaeii.
- marad altaem dida almudif almuzmin (cGVHD): hadha hu 'ahad almudaeafat tawilat al'amad limarad altaem dida almudif wayumkin 'an yahduth baed 'ashhur 'aw hataa sanawat min eamaliat alzarei. yumkin 'an yusabib marad altaem dida almudif almuzmin althaban mzmnan wtlfan li'aeda' mukhtalifatin.
- almakhatir almuhtamalat al'ukhraa: tashmal almakhatir almuhtamalat al'ukhraa alnazif walmudaeafat alriyawiat walmashakil aleasabiata.
aleawamil alati tuathir ealaa almakhatir
yumkin 'an takhtalif almakhatir almuhadadat almurtabitat biziraeat nukhae aleazm limarad alkhalaya alminjiliat aetmadan ealaa eidat eawamil, bima fi dhalika:
- nawe alzarea: tahmil eamaliaat alzare alkhayfii emwman makhatir 'aelaa lilmudaeafat min eamaliaat alzare aldhaatiati.
- tatabuq almutabarae walmutalaqiy: yumkin 'an yuadiy altatabuq alwathiq bayn nawe mustadidi alkurayaat albayda' albasharia (HLA) ladaa almutabarie walmutalaqiy 'iilaa taqlil khatar al'iisabat bimarad altaem dida almudayfi.
- alsihat aleamat lilmaridi: qad yakun almardaa aladhin yueanun min halat tibiyat kaminat 'aw talufin fi al'aeda' 'akthar eurdatan lilmudaeafati.
- khibrat fariq alzarea: yumkin 'an tuathir khibrat watajribat alfariq altibiyi aladhi yajri eamaliat alzare bishakl kabir ealaa alnatayija.
astiratijiaat taqlil almakhatir
ealaa alraghm min 'ana eamaliat ziraeat nukhae aleazm tantawi ealaa makhatir muta'asilatin, 'iilaa 'ana aleadid min alastiratijiaat yumkin 'an tusaeid fi taqlil almudaeafati:
- alaikhtiar aldaqiq lilmaridi: eadtan ma yatimu alnazar fi almardaa aladhin yueanun min marad alkhalaya alminjiliat alhadi waladhin hum muearidun likhatar kabir min almudaeafat lieamaliat ziraeat nikhae aleazmi.
- aikhtiar almutabaraei: yueadu aleuthur ealaa mutabarie munasib amran baligh al'ahamiyat litaqlil khatar al'iisabat bi GVHD.
- altakyif qabl alzarea: yatimu tasmim nizam altakyifi, aladhi yatadaman aleilaj alkimiayiya wa/'aw al'iisheaeu, bieinayat likuli marid litaqlil aluathar aljanibiat mae tahdir aljism bishakl faeaal lieamaliat alzarei.
- rieayat ma baed alzarea: almuraqabat aldaqiqat wal'iidarat aleudwaniat lilmudaeafat almuhtamalati, mithl aleadwaa waGVHD, daruriat baed eamaliat alzarei.
- alrieayat altibiyat almustamiratu: tuetabir alrieayat almutabaeat tawilat al'amad amran baligh al'ahamiyat limuraqabat almudaeafat almuta'akhirat wa'iidarat 'ayi mashakil sihiyat mustamiratin.
alkhulasa
yuafir zare nukhae aleazm 'iimkaniat eilaj marad alkhalaya alminjiliati, walakinah 'iijra' mueaqad yantawi ealaa makhatir kabiratin. yajib ealaa almardaa wa'usarihim 'an yuzinuu bieinayat alfawayid walmakhatir almuhtamalat qabl aitikhadh qarar bishan khiar aleilaj hadha. min aldarurii munaqashat hadhih almakhatir bialtafsil mae fariq min almutakhasisin fi alrieayat alsihiyat dhawi alkhibrat, bima fi dhalik 'atibaa' 'amrad aldam wal'awram wa'akhisaayiyy ziraeat al'aeda'i.
limazid min almaelumati, qum biziarat almawqie alrasmi: https://www.edhacare.com/treatments/organ-transplant/bone-marrow
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