Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Here's a breakdown of their causes, symptoms, and treatment options:

Causes:

1. Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone, hormones that stimulate the development of the uterine lining during each menstrual cycle, may promote the growth of fibroids.
2. Genetic Changes: Some fibroids contain changes in genes that differ from those in normal uterine muscle cells.
3. Pregnancy: Pregnancy hormones may cause fibroids to temporarily grow, but they often shrink after childbirth.
4. Family History: If your mother or sister had fibroids, you're at increased risk.

Symptoms:

1. Heavy menstrual bleeding: Excessive menstrual bleeding, sometimes with the passage of blood clots.
2. Menstrual periods lasting more than a week: Prolonged bleeding can lead to anemia.
3. Pelvic pressure or pain: Fibroids can cause pressure or discomfort in the pelvic region.
4. Frequent urination: Fibroids pressing against the bladder can cause a frequent need to urinate.
5. Constipation: Fibroids may compress the rectum, leading to constipation.
6. Backache or leg pains: Fibroids can press on nerves, causing back or leg pain.

Treatment:

1. Medications: Certain medications such as hormonal birth control pills, GnRH agonists, or progestin-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) can help manage symptoms.
2. Noninvasive Procedures: Procedures like uterine artery embolization (UAE) or MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery use high-frequency sound waves to destroy fibroids.
3. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Laparoscopic or robotic surgery techniques can remove fibroids while preserving the uterus (myomectomy).
4. Hysterectomy: In severe cases or when fertility isn't a concern, a hysterectomy may be recommended, which involves removing the uterus entirely.

The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, severity of symptoms, and whether you plan to have children in the future. It's essential to discuss options with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your specific situation.